Literary Analysis - the Law of Life Essay - 1113 Words

Running head: LITERARY ANALYSIS Literary Analysis Sergio Scott Grand Canyon University ENG-353 American Literature II Susan Crannell September 28, 2011 Sergio Scott Susan Crannell ENG 353 September 29, 2011 Literary Analysis Naturalism was a literary movement that took place from the 1880s until the 1940s. It used realism as a mechanism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had a monumental impact in changing or defining human character. Naturalism exposes the dark areas of life and how they affected people, such as sex, violence, disease, prejudice, abandonment, disease, and even death. Naturalism, in short, is a need to return to the earth. (Williams, 571) A prime example of this literary theory†¦show more content†¦Another characteristic of the story that allows it to be classified under the Naturalism genre is the fact that the entire story focuses around abandonment. This was established within the very first paragraph of the story, as shown in the excerpt â€Å"Sit-cum-to-ha was his daughters daughter, but she was too busy to waste a thought upon her broken grandfather, sitting alone there in the snow, forlorn and helpless†. At first, Old Kos koosh panicked at the thought of dying alone in the freezing cold, but slowly and surely he started to realize his fate and why his family members made the decision to pursue on and leave him behind. An aspect of the story that really made it stand out and gave it an added touch of realism was how calmly Old Koskoosh accepted his fate. Evidence of this acceptance can be seen in this excerpt: â€Å"He bowed his head in content till the last noise of the complaining snow had died away, and he knew his son was beyond recall. Then his hand crept out in haste to the wood. It alone stood between him and the eternity that yawned in upon him. At last the measure of his life was a handful of fagots. One by one they would go to feed the fire, and just so, step by step, death would creep upon him. When the last stick had surrendered up its heat, the frost wouldShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Literary Context1198 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: ANALYSIS OF LITERARY CONTEXT Analysis of Literary Context James O. Montford, Jr. Grand Canyon University: (BIB 355) August 24, 2011 Analysis of Literary Context The intent of this paper is to analyze the literary context of the book of James, by giving an outline and summary of each chapter found in the book of The Epistle of James. This paper will give historical background and cultural information for the purpose that James the author wrote the book. This paper will attemptRead MoreAnalysis Of The Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost has been up for debate since the poem release in 1916. 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What Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World Today Free Essays

What are the main causes of food insecurity in the world today? Outline and evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems Currently, millions of people across the globe suffer from under-nutrition and hunger. In 2007, the UN (United Nations) estimated that there are approximately 850 million people who suffer undernourishment in the world today. It also reported that 799 million undernourished people live in developing countries, most of which are on the African and Asian continents. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World Today? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reportedly, the major contribution to this international issue has been food insecurity (FAO, 2008, p. 8). It affects people ranging from individual to national level with various causes, particularly neglect of agriculture and natural disaster in developing countries (FAO, 2005, no page given). This essay will identify two main causes of food insecurity which have been said above and also it will outline and evaluate two possible solutions to food insecurity problems: improving agriculture and humanitarian aid system. It is necessary to define the meaning of food security before its causes can be considered. Commonly, the concept of food insecurity is the state of being unable to have both physical and economic access to enough and nutritious food (WHO, 2008). Socially, people who are in this state often cannot maintain household food supplies and suffer from under nutrition (FAO, 2005). This situation prevails when nations lack sustainable access to sufficient, safe and, nutritious food for productive and health living (WHO, 2008). According to an on-line journal by Getachew (2008, no page given), neglect of agriculture has been ascribed as the major cause of food insecurity from short-term shocks. Other search illustrates that natural disasters can have significant impacts on food security from long-term shocks (FAO, 2005). Millions of people around the world are affected on food insecurity by various issues especially downgrading agriculture and natural disaster. Having outlined the definition of food security, it is now possible to consider the main causes of food insecurity. There are various factors that contribute to food insecurity in different parts of the world. First, neglect of agriculture especially in developing countries is such a key ause of chronic food insecurity (Makoni, 2010, no page given). According to Khasnobis (2009, p230), the amount of foreign aid allocated to agricultural activities has decreased from 19 per cent in 1980 to 4. 5 per cent in 2009. Nevertheless, only a few governments have attained the 2003 Maputo Declaration which required every nation to allocate 10 per cent of its budget to agriculture. It can be said that this has consequently led to poor infrastructure, along with poor food-storage facilities, which risk such nations in suffering food shortage in case of crop failure. Indeed, food insecurity is likely to be greater in areas with lower agricultural knowledge (USDA, 2010, no page given). According to an on-line article by Makoni (2010, no page given), 80 percent of population in Africa depend on agriculture and people become more poor because of low productivity and consequently, 30 percent suffer from hunger daily. Therefore, it could be argued that this evidence illustrates that chronic neglect of agriculture can lead to low productivity, poverty, and eventually chronic food insecurity. Secondly, natural disasters can be considered as another major cause of food insecurity. According to an on-line article in FAO (2008, no page given), in the past two decades, the number of sudden onset natural disasters including floods, hurricanes and earthquakes has increased dramatically from 14 per cent in the 1980s to 27 per cent since 2000. In the result of this, the number of food insecurity has increased sharply during the same period (FAO, 2008, no page given). Food security is affected by natural disasters through its impact on local and national food systems. Recently, the impact of natural disasters has created a fall in agricultural product prices and therefore this current price led to inconvenient conditions for farmers in developing countries (FAO, 2002, no page given). Under the circumstance, producers use less money for improvements on the nature of farming land such as fertilizers and manure which are normally not affordable by poor farmers (FAO, 2002, no page given). Thus it causes a bad effect on food production in developing countries and eventually food insecurity. Moreover, when natural disasters occur, poor households suffer great economic losses, resulting in deepening their poverty further. These losses can trap them in food insecurity. As a result, it seems that natural disasters are one of the causes of food insecurity. Now, the remainder of this essay will discuss solutions for the two causes of food insecurity which have been argued above. In order to solve food insecurity problems, improving agriculture can be one of the solutions. International donors and the government in developing countries had neglected agriculture for a long period and it causes food insecurity. In 2008, the World Bank, in its annual development report, admitted that greater investment in agriculture is needed to solve food insecurity problems (Makoni, 2010, no page given). Investment in agriculture can make the governments to ensure that farm materials and equipment are available to farmers at fair prices. Moreover, government is also able to ensure that farmers in the rural areas have easy and convenient access to the necessary farming requirements (FAO, 2008, no page given). This can be achieved by setting up stores for supplying these materials and equipment in every region at strategic places (Khasnobis, 2009, p231). Thus, it can be said that improving agriculture including investment for the availability of materials and equipment can allow people to record high productivity and it leads to solve food insecurity problems. However, it requires an enormous amount of investment in these materials and equipment and so it is not a constructive solution if the developing countries assets are in a bad shape. Furthermore, it is essential to address that climate change problems still affect on agriculture improvement in developing countries even the governments invest in these materials and equipment. Recently, impact of climate change on food production in developing countries has been increasing and at this rate, its impact will be double by 2060 (FAO, 1996, no page given). This means that it is also necessary to invest in agriculture to increase the resilience of present food production systems due to climate change problems. For example, investment in drip systems and sprinklers enables farmers to produce more food with less water (Postel, 2001, no page given). However, it is a long term solution and a large amount of funds is needed to offer these systems to every farmer. It could be said that investment in agricultural materials and equipment is one of the solutions to solve the food insecurity problems, and it should be concerned that investment to improve the food production systems is also needed because of climatic changes. However, a large amount of funds and time is needed for these solutions so, it can be said that these solutions are not so practical for food insecurity problems. Secondly, improving humanitarian aid system for natural disasters can be another solution for food insecurity due to the fact that natural disasters cause food insecurity. When natural disasters happen in developing countries, it causes the direct physical damages on crops and the indirect impacts especially, loss of potential production due to deteriorated the nature of farming land, and increased productions cost (UN, 2008). Thus, when natural disasters especially sudden onset disasters happen, the immediate humanitarian aid, particularly medical support, relief supplies and food aid for disaster refugees is needed as it causes food insecurity eventually. According to an on-line article in Oxfam International (2009, no page given), the number of people affected by national disasters will increase by 54 per cent to 375 million people in the next five years. However, the aid response is fickle, too little and not good enough. One of the reasons for this is political preferences make aid unfair (Oxfam, 2009, no page given). For example, in 2004, while an average of only $23 was spent for each victim of the crisis in Chad, an average of $1,241 was spent per person affected by the Asian tsunami (Oxfam, 2009, no page given). Therefore, it is essential to improve the immediate aid system promptly without political preferences so that it is possible to prevent the agricultural damages from spreading. As it is mentioned earlier, backward aid for natural disasters is important to prevent agricultural damages. Moreover, proactive aid is also needed to prepare for disasters to decrease the damage from it (Oxfam, 2009, no page given). Investment for researching data on past natural disasters can be one of the examples. It is an effective but not easy solution without the help of national governments. The United Nations should propose some ideas for improvement of proactive aid. It is a solution with long-term effects which reduce the impact of natural disasters and mitigate food insecurity. Food insecurity is highly dependent on agricultural production and is caused by natural disasters. Therefore, both an immediate aid and a proactive aid for disasters are needed to solve food insecurity problems. It is necessary that national governments help to improve these aid systems. In conclusion, this essay has identified that neglect of agriculture and natural disaster are the main causes of food insecurity today. Both of these causes lead to great economic losses, poverty and eventually food insecurity in developing countries. These causes are not directly related to food insecurity. However, they indirectly cause the major people’s food insecurity problems. In order to solve food insecurity problems, improving agriculture by investing for agricultural materials and present food production systems could be one of the major solutions. Another solution for food insecurity is improving immediate and proactive aid systems. Thus, it could be argued that both long-term and short-term solutions are needed for food insecurity problems. How to cite What Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World Today?, Essays

Analysis of Speech And Annual Report for Inclusion & Diversity

Question: Discuss about theAnalysis of Speech And Annual Report for Inclusion Diversity. Answer: Introduction Critical Analysis of any literature is the process of describing and analyzing what are the strong and weak aspects of it and how successfully it fulfills the responsibilities it is intended to (Foss 2017). The reason for composing a study is to assess some individual's work keeping in mind the end goal to build its reader's comprehension. A basic examination is subjective written work since it communicates the essayist's supposition or assessment of a content. Investigation intends to separate and concentrate the parts. Composing a basic paper requires two stages: basic perusing and basic composition. The characteristic features which make a critical writing proper is that it should have a clear outline of points it is a articulating apart from that it should not accept or refuse any point made in that particular article on literature. It should rather think about all the sides and comprehend what is actually valid in that particular article (Foss 2017). The representation has to be balanced and the conclusion that is taken out from analyzing the whole literature has to be a balanced aspect between negative or accepting the point made in that literature in a descriptive writing that is no arguments made there is no refuting or accepting any claims only a description is given, but in the case of critical review there is arguments made for and against this particular aspect. The effectiveness of a speech in an article has been articulated by Paul Grice. Communication must have effectiveness in order to persuade the person to whom the communication is made (Grice 1989). Grice had established some maxims with which he decided that a particular speech article literature can be judged of its effectiveness. The first Maxim is the Maxim of quantity a person gives information in order to persuade and that information in itself the impact of population. The Maxim of quality is not providing information but being truthful and dedicated in order to establish the facts and not just provide information without any emotion. The effectiveness of a speech on an article has been articulated by Paul Grice. Communication must have effectiveness in order to persuade the person to whom the communication is made. Grice had established some maxims with which he decided that a particular speech article literature can be judged of its effectiveness. The first Maxim is the Maxim of quantity a person gives information in order to persuade and that information in itself the impact of population. The Maxim of quality is not providing information but being truthful and dedicated in order to establish the facts and not just provide information without any emotion. The maxim of relation is where one person tries to be relevant to the topic of discussion, provides logical arguments. On the other hand Maxim of manner in which a person is very brief clear to the point and orderly In the following paragraph the speech by Urvashi Vaid who is a gay right activist will be analyzed, the report of Apple Inc which talks about diversity analysed as well in a critical manner. The different tools that will be used in the process are Dilts Logical Levels and Grices Maxims. Speech Analysis The speech which is taken for analysis is delivered by Urvashi Vaid a gay rights activist in USA 1993. She starts by addressing the lesbian and gay Americans and the use of the term ' proud" is very important in this context, it is usually seen people who belong to the gay lesbian transgender community they are not of their sexual orientation this is because the social table that has been associated with this community from ages so she started her speech by the words that she is proud to stand as a lesbian today (Nava and Dawidoff 2014). She asserts that time has come honor and equality to be taken back by the community which they have lost because pictures of social Taboo. She talks about building a bridge, a bridge which will take people to a land where there is no suffering or prejudice towards any community gender sexual orientation color or Creed. it must be said here that the way she speaks is strong and assertive, she is not just making her points but she is demanding justice equality which the community deserves to get. We have come to challenge the cowardly Congress to end its paralysis and exercise moral leadership. We have come to defend our honor and win our equality (Vaid, 1993). This is that the people of LGBT community are not wondering anymore wilderness. The days of being afraid is gone this time to act in a way that change is brought to the society and the discriminating behavior of men is uprooted. Now the person speaking makes a point that the organizers have requested her to speak on the far right. Sister by saying that right which seek Supremacy are wrong morally, spiritually politically. Critically analyzing this section of the speech it must be said that if a change is to be brought in the society political class with the left the center and the right has to be brought on the same platform and they have to be convinced about this movement. Making any one of this political class estranged will be harmful movement to thrive among all. Spea ker believes that the far right has been trying to destroy the bridge which can reconcile the LGBT community with the normal USA American way of life. She has gone into saying that the Christian supremacists are wrong spiritually when the demon eyes us. But it should be known widely that today there are many Christians who support gay rights and they take part in many activities which are for the rights of the gays and lesbians (Hirshman 2012). Using the word Christian Supremacy is not correct in this context the speaker could have been only saying that religious fanatics on religious bigots who are opposing the gay rights instead of uttering the name of one particular religion. However she very expertly puts forward her point of reclaiming the gay rights and establishing equality in America. According to Grice maxims the speech is in the mode of Maxim of quality and Maxim of relation. the Maxim of quality is where one in the world to be truthful and honest and there are no information that can be designated as false, however it is not just give information it is like being truthful and giving one's viewpoint. In the Maxim of relation there are relevant discussion happening so there is no information that is out of context or that is not needed (Vogel et al 2013). Annual Report Analysis The annual report is of Apple Inc. We depend on the contributions from our outstanding women leaders. Twenty-nine percent of our leaders are women, Diverse teams make innovation possible. Our female representation is steadily increasing, and were proud of the progress were making, all these statements in the annual report reflect the importance Apple Inc is giving towards women empowerment and participation. All over the world all important companies are increasing their efforts to empower the women in all possible ways, by increasing participation and introducing them to leadership. Apple in its annual report has included empowerment of various other underrepresented communities of America. 50% of new hires are from historically underrepresented groups in tech, From July 2016 to July 2017, half of our new hires in the United States were from historically underrepresented groups in tech women, Black, Hispanic, Native American, and Native Hawaiian Other Pacific Islander. (Apple.com. 2018) Analyzing the annual report of Apple Inc it is quite evident that the company is thinking more about humanitarian project humanitarian activities that will be inclusive and that will not be what causes discrimination or distinction between different genders, Creed, religion, class, or colors. It must be said that the way Apple puts all these into perspective is somewhat naive, it is evident that a company must include women representatives and that should be more than 50% in the ideal situation, Apple only has about 30% of that number (Rhode 2016). They must increase the women participation so that there is a balance and equality in the gender gap. The 'consistent levels', first proposed by Robert Dilts, are regularly utilized as a part of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), yet give a supportive structure to taking a gaze at what's going on in any individual, gathering or association. They characterize six levels of reasoning or circumstance: condition, conduct, capacity or ability, convictions, personality and deep sense of being, and are normally envisioned as a chain of command (Wiseman et al. 2012). Apple Inc. is having an employee base of more than 130000 people, and the changes they are brining at small levels are bringing change to the lives of thousands of people. Condition, conduct, capacity or ability, convictions all these characteristics are weighed in the most effective way by Apple in the Annual report. Comparison The speech by Urvashi Vaid is very strong in its efforts to establish the argument that it is high time that gay rights are recognized. She has used before means of metaphors examples and strong statements explore various ways in which the LGBT Americans can have established their rights. no she has not provided much data on Statistics in favor of her speech to show that what she is saying is material issue on ground but she uses a large number of examples metaphors and strong statements to say that the extreme right radicals who are not willing to give the gays their right must be eliminated in order to establish the rights and equality of all. However she could have used more real cases statistics and numbers which would establish that what she is saying is very true materially on the ground in the United States of America. That can be considered as one of the weak points in her speech. however it is true that historically some right wingers who are fanatics have tried to establish their own Supremacy over any other kinds of people with other preferences. Apple on the other hand is actually using statistics numbers to show that how the company is trying to remove any kind of discrimination from the company recruitment policy and includes the diversity of all kinds and women empowerment (Holton and Dent 2012). Apple is not making any high claims they are not making any strong statements against anyone, they are just doing the job on ground and recruiting people from all historically low represented background on Women in the maximum number they can. This is very strongly establishing a tradition of empowering all the people who are not yet properly represented everywhere. However, one of the similar points in both of these two literature, the speech of the gay rights activist, and secondly the annual report of Apple, is that in the present situation the right given to the minorities are not enough and there has to be more efforts in order to bring equality in the society. That is one aspect that reflects from both of these literature if compared because if there had been properly given to everyone then there would be no need of protest or any kind of mention of recruitment of people from various categories. The annual report of Apple is according to Grice Maxim of quantity and the maxim of manner. In Maxim of quantity maximum information is provided to the listener or the reader or the viewer, and in the Maxim of manner information is provided briefly and only the relevant things are spoken. Conclusion Thus it can be concluded that by critical analyzing the two pieces of literature given in this paper found that the common ground is to establish rights and equality for the people who are underrepresented and who does not have much voice to speak in the political scenario. Both the activist and the company are trying in their ways to empower people who are not yet empowered and are cornered by extreme right wing supremacist. The critical analysis has helped in finding out the flaws and gaps in both these literature and also in establishing what are the strong points in them. A better understanding of both the speech and the annual report is gained. Reference: Apple.com., 2018.Inclusion Diversity. [online] Apple. Available at: https://www.apple.com/diversity/ [Accessed 15 Apr. 2018]. Benton, M.A., 2016. Gricean quality.Nos,50(4), pp.689-703. Foss, S.K., 2017.Rhetorical criticism: Exploration and practice. Waveland Press. Grice, H.P., 1989.Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press. Hirshman, L., 2012.Victory: The triumphant gay revolution. Harper Collins. Holton, V. and Dent, F.E., 2012. Women and Leadership. InWomen in Business(pp. 78-94). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Nava, M. and Dawidoff, R., 2014.Created equal: Why gay rights matter to America. St. Martin's Griffin. Rhode, D.L., 2016.Women and leadership. Oxford University Press. Vaid, U., 1993.Gifts of Speech - Urvashi Vaid. [online] Gos.sbc.edu. Available at: https://gos.sbc.edu/w/vaid.html [Accessed 15 Apr. 2018]. Vogel, A., Bodoia, M., Potts, C. and Jurafsky, D., 2013. Emergence of Gricean maxims from multi-agent decision theory. InProceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies(pp. 1072-1081). Wiseman, R., Watt, C., Ten Brinke, L., Porter, S., Couper, S.L. and Rankin, C., 2012. The eyes dont have it: lie detection and neuro-linguistic programming.PloS one,7(7), p.e40259.